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2 Sheets-Sheet 1 (NO Model.)

A.P.FLETOHERQ HYDROGARBON BURNER.

No. 400.905. Patented A r.- 9. 1889.

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2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

A. P. FLETCHER.

HYDROGARBON BURNER. No. 400.905. Patented Apr, 9. 1889.

WITNESSES, INVENT'DRIY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

AROHIBALD F. FLETCHER, OF BROOKLYN, NE? YORK, ASSIGMOR OF T'WO- THIRDS TO VALENTINE GLEASON, OF NEWV YORK, N. Y., AND JOHN VIC- TOR CARRAHER, OF \VASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

HYDROCARBON-BURN ER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 400,905, dated April 9, 1889.

Application filed March 13, 1888. Serial No. 267,084. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, AROHIBALD F. FLETCH- ER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydrocarbon-Burners; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled to in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

Hy invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in burners for utilizing as a heat-producing agent the heavy hydro- I 5 carbons, and particularly the residuum from petroleum after the separation therefrom of the volatile constituents (a product that can only be ignited at a very high temperature.)

It relates, further, to apparatus for utilizing said burner in steam-boiler furnaces, as will more fully appear from the following specification.

In the accompanying drawings,illustrative of my invention, Figure 1 represents my im- 2 5 proved burner in elevation. Fig. 2 represents the same in central section. Fig. 3represents a cross-sectional view on a plane indicated by the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 represents an end View of the burner, and Fig. 5 repre- 3 sents the manner of employing the same in a steam-boiler furnace or the like.

Similar letters of reference indicate similar parts throughout the several views.

In the drawings, O indicates the outer wall 3 5 of the burner, and consists of a conical-shaped hollow piece of metal externally screwthreaded at its outer end, as shown, and having attached thereat a nozzle, L. The said nozzle L is flattened and expanded, as shown 4 more fully in Fig. 4, so as to present a large area for the issuance of the flame, and to form a kind of mixing-chamber for the vaporized hydrocarbon and steam or air used in the operation.

Within the shell 0 is arranged concentrically the inner tube or pipe, M, extending to the entrance of the nozzle L and opening into the latter. This inner tube is intended for the supply of .hydrocarbon to the flame, said hydrocarbon being conducted to the said tube by means of a branch pipe, G, leading from any suitable source of supply.

In 5 is illustrated a desirable manner of applying my improved burner to the generation of steam in a steam-boiler furnace, the construction and arrangement of parts of said boiler-furnace and its adjuncts adapting it to co-operate with the burner proper for the production of very high heating effects.

The burner is located, as shown, in front of the combustion-chamber N of the furnace, and together with an inclosing-sleeve,B, penetrates the front wall of said chamber, air being supplied to the shell B from without through the bell-mouthed pipe B.

The inner pipe or tube, M, of the burner is supplied, as above described, wit-11 heavy hydrocarbon through the'supply-pipe G, and the space intermediate between the pipe M and the outer wall, 0, of the burner is supplied through the pipe with hot air or superheated steam under constant pressure. When hot air is employed, it is furnished through a pipe, F, provided with a suitable shut-off cook, a, to a pressure-chamber, H, from which it is supplied, under a pressure of about forty-five pounds, to a coil, D, located in the combustion-chamber of the furnace in the path of the issuing burner-flame. From the coil D the air passes to the burner, the backpressure upon the coil being regulated, however, by the pressure chamber K, which maintains it at a constant pressure of, say, forty-five pounds, which I have found in practice to give excellent results. The hot air in its passage through the burner heats the inner tube, M, so highly as to vaporize the heavy hydrocarbon, so that it enters the nozzle in the form of a vapor and meeting at its exit 0 the current of hot air at once enters into combustion therewith, the peculiar form of the nozzle retaining the air and vaporized hydrocarbon momentarily until an intimate admixture of the two is effected, whereuponit 5 issues from the flattened endinabroad sheet of flame. The additional air drawn in through the sleeve B adds to the completion of the combustion, and just before the flame passes into the boiler-dues it encounters 10o finally an additional supply of hot air issuing from the ports .I of a hollow bridge-wall at the rear end of the chamber. 'lhese ports communicate with a broad flue, A, arranged immediately below the floor of the chamber and opening freely into the open air, as shown. By virtue of the last-mentioned supply of hot air the combustion of the vaporized hydrocarbon is practically completed and the products of combustion pass into the boiler-fines at an intense heat.

Instead of employing air for supplying the space between the inner tube, M, of myburner and the wall 0 thereof, I may with equally good results employ superheated steam for that purpose. In this event I close the stopcock (1 and open a stop-cock, I), located in a pipe, E, connected with the steam-boiler. The steam is supplied to the pressure-chamber H under the prescribed pressure found most advantageous. It becomes superheated in the coil D and passes to the burner under the pressure allowed by the pressure-chamber K. In said burner it exercises the same functions as the superheated air just de scribed, becoming finally decomposed in the high furnace heat, its oxygen uniting with the hydrocarbons in the phenomenon of combustion, and its hydrogen swelling the mass of combustible gases.

I may also operate the apparatus as follows, and I have found this use attended with great advantages: Closing the stop-cock b and opening the stop-cock a, I admit to the pressurechamber H, through the pipe F, water at a pressure of forty-five pounds. I then admit through the stop-cock c in the pipe leading from the chamber II to the coil D a small quantity of water into said coil. Closing the said stop-cock, I light a fire in the combustion-chamber beneath the coil D, which then acts as a generator of steam. As soon as the gage 011 the pressure-chamber K shows a presure of, say, five pounds, I admit a small quantity of hydrocarbon into the inner tube, M, of the burner, therebystarting the operation. I then turn off the water-supply through the pipe F and open the stop-cock b, thereafter supplying steam from the boiler to the coil D. The pressure-gage on the receptacle II will then indicate the pressure 011 the boiler, and the gage 011 the receptacle K will indicate the pressure on the coil 1). It is evident that by regulating the admission of steam from the receptacle II by means of the stopcock c, I can maintain the pressure in the receptacle K and coil D at forty-five pounds,whieh I have found to be a safe limit, whatever maybe the pressure of steam on the boiler.

It is incident to my invention, as heretofore stated, that the superheated steam or air has the effect of converting the oil residuum or its equivalent into vaporbefore it reaches the nozzle L, and at the point of entrance into the said nozzle commingles with the vapor thus formed, creating a l1ighly-inflammable mixture which develops an extremely high temperature 011 ignition. The oil residuum being in the gaseous condition on entering the combustion is in the state most favorable for combination with the oxidizing steam or air, and the high temperature of the latter adds very largely to the calorific power of the mixture.

It is evident that instead of using the residuum of petroleum, other heavy hydrocarbons may be employed in carrying out my invention and among these I may mention tar, and particularly coal-oil tar, raw and dead petroleum, and the like crude products of small cost, and of which but little use can at present he made.

My burner is designed principally for use in the generation of steam for factories, railroads, steamers, house-heating, and the like, and is especially adapted to these uses by reason of the complete combustion attained, there being practically no resultant smoke from the burning operation.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is A hydrocarbon-furnace consisting of a combustion-chamber,a burner for heavy hydrocarbons entering said combustion-cl1amber and provided with an inner and outer passage concentric with each other, a supply-pipe for furnishing hydrocarbon to one of said passages, a supply-pipe for furnishing superheated steam or air to the other of said passages, a superheating'coil located within the combustion-chamber, and pressurc-chambers intermediate between said coil and burner, and said coil and its supply-pipe, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ARCHIBALD F. FIJE'ICIIER.

Witnesses:

G. D. POLI-IEMUS, JAMEs TYDEMAN. 

